A study of the systematic relationships of the glandulocaudine tetras published in a recent issue of the journal Neotropical Ichthyology has resulted in the description of a new species of Mimagoniates tetra and a new replacement name for another species of Glandulocauda.
The study by ichthyologists Naercio Menezes and Stanley Weitzman carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the glandulocaudine tetras using 14 characters and ten species of three glandulocaudine genera (Lophiobrycon, Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates).
The new species described in the study is Mimagoniates pulcher from the upper Paraguay River drainage.
This species is most similar to M. barberi and M. inequalis with respect to the modification of caudal-fin rays in association with caudal pump, but differs at once from these two species in having hooks on caudal-fin rays at least in adult male specimens.
It is additionally distinguished from these two species in having 26–30 anal-fin rays and 43–46 lateral series scales.
The exact location of the type locality of this species could not be located and one of two possible locations has been severely modified, raising the possibility that this species may be extinct.
A replacement name, Glandulocauda caerulea, is proposed for a species originally described as G. melanopleura, as there are two different species given the same specific epithet.
For more information, see the paper: Menezes, NA & SH Weitzman (2009) Systematics of the Neotropical fish subfamily Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 7, pp. 295–370.