A new Simpsonichthys killifish has been described from northeastern Brazil in the latest issue of Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters.
The new species, named Simpsonichthys longignatus by Wilson Costa, is similar to members of the Simpsonichthys flammeus group.
It is distinguished from other Simpsonichthys by a combination of anal-fin shape (in females), anal-fin colour (in males), and shape of the dorsal profile of the head, among other characters.
Simpsonichthys longignatus is known from a coastal swamp near the Pacoti River in northeastern Brazil, and its distribution is the basis of its name (from the Latin longi, meaning distant and gnatus, meaning born, in reference to the great geographical distance separating it from other members of the S. flammeus group).
The swamp in which it was collected had dense aquatic vegetation and the water was slightly turbid.
Examination of gut contents revealed shelled amoebas and small aquatic arthropods.
For more information, see the paper: Costa, WJEM (2008) Simpsonichthys longignatus, a new seasonal killifish of the S. flammeus group from the Pacoti River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 19, pp. 155"159.